The field observation came first, then the lab work, and the paper cleared peer review. The control problem still sits at the product development stage, which means the next outbreak arrives before the fungus formula gets to farmers who need it during the march instead of after someone writes up the discovery and schedules more testing.
It was a major breakthrough, said Mathulwe, because while there are chemical treatments for dealing with the caterpillars in the early stages of life, nothing has proven effective against mature populations.


